The team of Ukrainian researchers of Nizhyn Labs of Scanning Devices (NLSD) managed by Vasil Sidorov, electrical and optical engineer and candidate of technical sciences, is working on development of new molecular methods and systems for direct receipt of electrical energy from moving water using magnetic hydrodynamic phenomena, which occurs in electrolyte, moving in a magnetic field.

The magnetic hydrodynamic (MHD) generator created in Nizhyn Labs is the electrical power system for direct transformation of kinetic energy of water into electric power. The work of a MHD-generator is based on principle of electromagnetic induction – origin of current in a conductor that crosses the magnetic lines. An electrolyte is a conductor in a setting. Ionization of grouts consists in that in them the molecules of the dissolved matter disintegrate on ions already in the process of solution, without intervention from external ionizer, due to co-operation with the molecules of dissolving matter that results in arbitrary ionization in clean solutions of water, alcohol, acids. This additional mechanism of ionization in liquids got the name of electrolytic dissociation.

Work of a generator is described by the laws of magnetic hydrodynamics.

The algorithm of magnetic hydrodynamic method of production of electric current consists of a few stages.

On the first stage the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules of water is transformed into a kinetic energy of electrolyte.

On the second stage at moving of electrolyte under pressure the flow of ions (cations or anions) through a magnetic hydrodynamic channel appears, which can be examined as a conductive wire. As a result of the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction the motion of a conductive wire with a current in the magnetic field induces an electric current in an additional spool.

The third stage is accumulation and forming of industrial electric current.

On a fourth stage an electrolyte is accumulated in a receiving chamber (volume).

The structural diagram of magnetic hydrodynamic power system includes as the components the following parts: stream of water, working body (electrolyte), magnetic hydrodynamic cell, accumulator of electric energy and inverter forming of industrial electric current.

The molecules of water are the transmitters of kinetic energy, which pass the energy through pressure to an electrolyte of a magnet-hydrodynamic cell. At moving of electrolyte through capillaries of the magnet-hydrodynamic cells, which are located in the magnetic field, the current is inducing in a additional spool. Got electric power is accumulated in an accumulator and given into inverter, where electric energy of necessary frequency suitable for consumption is formed. 

A magnet-hydrodynamic cell structurally consists of the following elements: two identical initial and receiving chambers (volume) C1 and C2; magnet-hydrodynamic (MHD) channel with, for example, permanent magnets; inductive spool; system of electrodes and capillary system; systems of knocking over (trigger).

Primary and second silfon - type chambers 1 and 2 – the volumes for accumulation by turns of electroconductive liquid (electrolyte). The chambers could change its internal volume under pressure of moving water on their external walls. One chamber in the initial state is filled by an electrolyte.

The magnet-hydrodynamic (MHD) channel represents the capillary structure with figured slits, in which a working body (electrolyte) under pressure of water is dispersed to high speed and moves in a magnetic field on a certain previously defined trajectory. In the result of the magnetic field – electrolyte system interaction an electric current is induced in an additional spool of the magnetic system. After an exit from a hydrodynamic channel an electrolyte is accumulated in a second chamber (volume) C2.

The magnet-hydrodynamic (MHD) cell works in the following manner. In initial position an electrolyte is found in a chamber (volume) 1. In the absence of dynamic water pressure the static pressure acts on external walls A1 and A2 accordingly of chambers 1 and 2. An electrolyte from a chamber 1 does not flow out. Electric potential on electrodes is equals to zero.

After electrokinetic cell is placed in the stream of water so that the vector of stream speed is directed along the axis of an electrokinetic cell, athwart to the external wall A1 of a chamber 1. At appearance of water pressure on the external wall A1 of the chamber 1 the action of two forces appears - static pressure R_st and dynamic pressure R_d of a mobile water. Under action of dynamic pressure a chamber (volume) 1 compresses and changes (toward reduces) the internal volume. An electrolyte under action of pressure is moving from a chamber (volume) 1 through the capillary system into a chamber (volume) 2. As a result of motion of ions of electrolyte in a magnetic field on a certain defined trajectory an electric current is induced in the induction-coil of the magnetic system.

After an exit from a hydrodynamic channel an electrolyte is accumulated in a second chamber. After overturning of the trigger system a process passes in a reverse order.

Magnet-hydrodynamic electrogenerator can work in reserved continuous and in oscillating (trigger) cycles.

Power of a magnet-hydrodynamic electrogenerator is proportional to the square of speed of working body and to the square of the magnetic field tensity V². For the receipt of large powers it is nessessary  to accelerate the working body (electrolyte) to high speeds. In modern charts there are the severe losses of kinetic energy, and when working with a geterogenous working body – losses of conductivity. These losses limit the effectivness of МHД-generator to 3.6%, and nominal power – to 0,5...1 MW. At the typical values of magnetic induction In = 3Т it is possible to get effectivness of МHД-generator about 20%, and power from unit of volume of a working body - 10³ MWxm^-3.

At the use of electrolyte in quality of working body it is necessary to take into account the features of work of МHD-generator, connected with electrochemical effects. So in the strong magnetic fields when the number of collisions diminishes and becomes compared to frequency of rotation of electrons, they have time to pass a considerable arc on a larmorous circle for the interval of time between the collisions. That because the direction of a current in an electrolyte does not coincide with direction of tensity of the electric field (effect Hall). It results in appearance of the additional electric Holl field, directed to the stream of liquid. As a result electroconductivity in a direction of the induced field diminishes.

Effects are partly compensated by expansion of running part of channel. Friction of particles of liquid at the walls of channel causes the origin of cold boundary layers, where a part of generating power is lost. As a result of friction there can also be arcs that cause devastation of electrodes. Sucking of boundary layer can partly lower action of this negative phenomenon.

 Absence of mobile details allows creating the equipment with a high output-input ratio and high powers.

By Vasil Sidorov E-mail: sidorovvasil@gmail.com

on March 07, 2009 in queltanews.com