In the basis of the electric and magnetic phenomena lies an interaction between bodies and particles that have an electric charge. This interaction takes place through the electromagnetic field related to these bodies and particles.

An electromagnetic interaction plays an important role in the phenomena of the nature. It is related to the fact that all bodies consist of atoms, molecules and ions, in the complement of which protons and electrons enter – particles that have an electric charge. In addition, the electromagnetic forces considerably exceed the forces of gravitation.

By electromagnetic interaction the structure of electronic shells of atoms is determined, a structure of molecules, of liquids and of solids.

Electromagnetic interaction of the charged particles and bodies is studied by electrodynamics. An electric charge and electric field are the main concepts of electrodynamics.

The energy accumulated by the electromagnetic field is named electromagnetic energy.

Electrostatic energy is the energy accumulated by the electrostatic field.

The energy accumulated by the magnetic field is named magnetic energy.

It is possible to come to the concept of energy of the field as well as in mechanics, by considering a work that it is necessary to do against the electric forces at transfer of electric charge from one point of the electric field in other. The work that is executed by a charge at transfer of him from one point to other is equal to the decrease of potential energy. The potential energy of electric charge is calculated as a product of charge value on a potential of the electric field in the given point. If in spacious, filled by a dielectric, a warmth is not exuded at displacement of charge and the dielectric properties are not changed, the potential energy of charge is calculated as a work that must be executed to displace the charge from infinity to the given point of the electrostatic field.

The potential energy of the system of immobile charges that form the electrostatic field is equal to the energy of interaction of these charges.

Between the potential energy of the immobile system of charges and electric potential there is a substantial difference. The potential energy characterizes the all system. The electric potential is a function of disposing of charge in spacious.

The energy of interaction of charges that are found on the given conductor is considered as own energy of solitary conductor. The own energy of conductor is proportional to the square value of electric potential.

The experience testifies - the potential of the solitary charged conductor placed in an immobile dielectric and which is not influenced by the external electric field is proportional to the value of his charge. The coefficient of proportion that establishes a correlation between these values is the capacity of solitary conductor. The capacity of a solitary conductor is equal to the value of charge that changes a potential of a conductor r on a unit. An electric capacity does not rely on value of solitary conductor, its value is proportionally relies on the dielectric permeability of surrounding dielectric and on the geometrical parameters of a conductor. 

For any two conductors the value of their own energies is always greater than their mutual energy.

The current through a surface is the value of charges that flow through this surface in a unit of time. A direct current does not change its value and direction during an appointed time.

The distribution of electric current per cross-sectional area is evaluated by current density. Current density is a measure of an electric current. It is defined as a vector whose magnitude is the electric current per cross-sectional area.

A specific strength of electric current is proportional to the tension of the electric field. As a value of proportion between these physical values conductivity appears. It is the reciprocal value of specific resistance.

The energy that is discharged in a conductor during an appointed time is proportional to the current, to voltage on a conductor and accordingly to the time.

The elementary particles, molecules and atoms in the ordinary conditions are electrically neutral. The space and atmospheric phenomena that proceed in the bowels of the earth are responsible for appearance in bodies, liquids and gases of a plenty of the charged atoms and other elementary particles: ions and electrons. So the major part of substances is found as plasma (aggregate of elementary particles). Plasma is localized in the definite places: in an atmosphere, ionosphere and stratosphere. The concentration of the charged particles in the definite places can be speculating as atmospheric discharges and radiances.

An atmosphere and earth are bombarded by the cosmic rays and sun radiation. In accordance to that, the layers of substance are formed round the Earth that consists of a plenty of the charged particles. In the layers of atmosphere the considerable electric potential appears – an enormous energy is accumulated. It is necessary to evaluate the possibilities of the use of this energy.

Electric energy became, in a certain measure, a universal type of energy. The discovery of laws of electricity stimulated the creation and distribution of different types of electric equipment, machines and devices which are used for satisfaction of urgent necessities of man. For their feed the electric energy sources were created – thermal power-stations and hydroelectric power stations.

The development of nuclear physics allowed using energy of nucleus for the receipt of electric power.

But paradoxical side is that electric power got from kinetic energy of water is converted at consumption into mechanical energy by means of electric motors and is used for work of different machines and mechanisms. A production of thermal energy from an electric power and her use for heating of houses serves as another paradoxical example of reverse transformation.

The current of air that consists of a plenty of elementary particles of air moves with certain speed above a terrene. Kinetic energy of particles of air that interact with the blades of turbine causes the carrying capacity of blades and thus causes the rotation of rotor, converting kinetic energy of air into kinetic energy of blades. The rotor of turbine is connected with a wind engine. It also gets kinetic energy and converts her into electric energy. And in this time well known conditioners and ventilators produce the wind with the help of electricity! Universality of electric energy played a fatal role in its use and stipulated the decline of energy effectiveness in the closed circle of production, transporting and consumption of energy.

In the sun thermal power equipment the energy of sun radiation is used as a source of heat in the thermodynamics cycle of transformation of thermal energy into mechanical energy and then into electric energy. The thermo-chemical cycle of solar energy conversion consists of successive reverse endo- and exothermic reactions, in which sun energy is expended on the first stage of cycle - into the endothermic reactions, and energy, which is liberated in the exothermic reactions, is passed to the user. After all electric energy is converted by light sources into visible light!

By Vasil Sidorov on October 20, 2009 in Queltanews.com

sidorovvasil@gmail.com