In the study of basic types of energy the fundamental science - physics is engaged. The main part of power systems that are now widely used in world practice utilizes of so-called bulk energy technologies. Their work is based on the laws of classic physics discovered by Newton.

Thermal power station (TPS), Nuclear power plants (APP), Hydroelectric dams (HPS), Wind power (WPS), Geothermal power (Geo- TPS) and Solar thermal (GELIO-TPS) refer to macroscopic power (macropower) engineering and are typical representatives of bulk energy technologies. These electrical power systems make advantage of macroscopic elements of substance, for example, motion of streams of water and air, interactions of these macroscopic elements one with other and their actions on other bodies. In addition the macroscopic electrical power systems utilize of massive elements for intermediate transformation of one type of energy in other. 

Both motion of streams of water, and motion of massive rotors are described by the laws of classic physics.

The goal of this paper is to give maximally pressed presentation of the separate concepts of Newton’s mechanics and to show the users round the physical bases of work of macroscopic power equipment. It will considerably facilitate the search and practical application of bulk power technologies by users.

Work and mechanical energy. All in a world passes somewhere and once: in space and in time.

The macroscopic systems that consist of a plenty of molecules or atoms are named bodies, so that sizes of these systems are sufficiently greater than intermolecular distances are.

In classic mechanics for simplification of description the approximate models of the real bodies are introduced:

mathematical point – body, the sizes and form of which are insignificant in given concrete case;

system of material points or bodies – aggregate of material points or bodies, that in general case co-operate with each other, so with bodies, that are not included in the given system;

absolutely solid – the body, the distances between any two points of which are permanent.

Every body occupies at every instant a certain position in relation to other bodies.

If a body in course of time does not change its position, is said, it is found in a state of peace.

The mechanical motion of body is the change of his position in space and times relatively other bodies.

The straight–line (rectilinear) motion – the motion at which the trajectory of body is a straight line.

The rectilinear uniform motion – the motion at which a body passes the even distances for the even intervals of time.

Any body, which moves, possesses the velocity. A velocity of rectilinear uniform motion - the permanent vectorial value that is equal to the relation of displacement of body for the any interval of time to the value of this interval.

The instantaneous velocity of body is the velocity of body in a given moment of time, or in the given point of trajectory.

A velocity can be changed in course of time, from one point to other point.

The motion of body, at which his speed for each unit of time and in general in the even intervals of time is changed identically, is called the uniformly accelerated motion. The acceleration of body at its uniformly accelerated motion is a value, which is equal to the relation of the change of velocity toward the interval of time, during which this change passed.

Curvilinear motion – it is motion with acceleration.

In the certain frames of reference a body, that moves forward, saves permanent velocity, if other bodies are not acting on it (the 1-th Newton’s law).

A reason of acceleration of motion of bodies is the action of the other bodies on them.

For two given interacting bodies the relation of the modules of their accelerations always has the same value.

Inertia is peculiar to all bodies and consists in that for the change of velocity of body some time is needed. The inertia of body is characterized by his mass.

In physics the action of one body on the other, the action, that causes acceleration, is named the force. A force is the reason of acceleration.

To be continued…

By Vasil Sidorov on October 17, 2009 in Queltanews.com

sidorovvasil@gmail.com